useSearchParams

useSearchParams is a Client Component hook that lets you read the current URL's query string.

useSearchParams returns a read-only version of the URLSearchParams interface.

'use client'

import { useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation'

export default function SearchBar() {
  const searchParams = useSearchParams()

  const search = searchParams.get('search')

  // URL -> `/dashboard?search=my-project`
  // `search` -> 'my-project'
  return <>Search: {search}</>
}

Parameters

const searchParams = useSearchParams()

useSearchParams does not take any parameters.

Returns

useSearchParams returns a read-only version of the URLSearchParams interface, which includes utility methods for reading the URL's query string:

• URLSearchParams.get(): Returns the first value associated with the search parameter. For example:

  URL	searchParams.get("a")
  /dashboard?a=1	'1'
  /dashboard?a=	''
  /dashboard?b=3	null
  /dashboard?a=1&a=2	'1' - use getAll() to get all values

• URLSearchParams.has(): Returns a boolean value indicating if the given parameter exists. For example:

  URL	searchParams.has("a")
  /dashboard?a=1	true
  /dashboard?b=3	false

• Learn more about other read-only methods of URLSearchParams, including the getAll(), keys(), values(), entries(), forEach(), and toString().

Good to know:

• useSearchParams is a Client Component hook and is not supported in Server Components to prevent stale values during partial rendering.
• If an application includes the /pages directory, useSearchParams will return ReadonlyURLSearchParams | null. The null value is for compatibility during migration since search params cannot be known during pre-rendering of a page that doesn't use getServerSideProps

Behavior

Static Rendering

If a route is statically rendered, calling useSearchParams() will cause the tree up to the closest Suspense boundary to be client-side rendered.

This allows a part of the page to be statically rendered while the dynamic part that uses searchParams is client-side rendered.

You can reduce the portion of the route that is client-side rendered by wrapping the component that uses useSearchParams in a Suspense boundary. For example:

'use client'

import { useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation'

export default function SearchBar() {
  const searchParams = useSearchParams()

  const search = searchParams.get('search')

  // This will not be logged on the server when using static rendering
  console.log(search)

  return <>Search: {search}</>
}

Dynamic Rendering

If a route is dynamically rendered, useSearchParams will be available on the server during the initial server render of the Client Component.

Good to know: Setting the dynamic route segment config option to force-dynamic can be used to force dynamic rendering.

For example:

'use client'

import { useSearchParams } from 'next/navigation'

export default function SearchBar() {
  const searchParams = useSearchParams()

  const search = searchParams.get('search')

  // This will be logged on the server during the initial render
  // and on the client on subsequent navigations.
  console.log(search)

  return <>Search: {search}</>
}

Server Components

Pages

To access search params in Pages (Server Components), use the searchParams prop.

Layouts

Unlike Pages, Layouts (Server Components) do not receive the searchParams prop. This is because a shared layout is not re-rendered during navigation which could lead to stale searchParams between navigations. View detailed explanation.

Instead, use the Page searchParams prop or the useSearchParams hook in a Client Component, which is re-rendered on the client with the latest searchParams.

Examples

Updating searchParams

You can use useRouter or Link to set new searchParams. After a navigation is performed, the current page.js will receive an updated searchParams prop.

export default function ExampleClientComponent() {
  const router = useRouter()
  const pathname = usePathname()
  const searchParams = useSearchParams()!

  // Get a new searchParams string by merging the current
  // searchParams with a provided key/value pair
  const createQueryString = useCallback(
    (name: string, value: string) => {
      const params = new URLSearchParams(searchParams)
      params.set(name, value)

      return params.toString()
    },
    [searchParams]
  )

  return (
    <>
      <p>Sort By</p>

      {/* using useRouter */}
      <button
        onClick={() => {
          // <pathname>?sort=asc
          router.push(pathname + '?' + createQueryString('sort', 'asc'))
        }}
      >
        ASC
      </button>

      {/* using <Link> */}
      <Link
        href={
          // <pathname>?sort=desc
          pathname + '?' + createQueryString('sort', 'desc')
        }
      >
        DESC
      </Link>
    </>
  )
}

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